Background

Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infections are increasingly recognized for their metabolic implications, particularly their association with insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between insulin resistance and chronic viral hepatitis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 167 participants comprising HBV (n=58), HCV (n=54), and healthy controls (n=55). Fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured, and insulin resistance was assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Statistical analyses included ANOVA, chi-square test, correlation, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

HOMA-IR was significantly higher in HCV (3.67 ± 1.28) and HBV (2.51 ± 1.01) compared to controls (1.96 ± 0.74) (p<0.001). Insulin resistance prevalence was highest in HCV (72.2%), followed by HBV (46.6%) and controls (20.0%) (p<0.001). HCV infection was a strong independent predictor of insulin resistance (AOR: 4.28), along with BMI >25 kg/m² and age >40 years. Significant positive correlations were observed between HOMA-IR and BMI, fasting glucose, and liver enzymes.

Conclusion

Chronic viral hepatitis, particularly HCV infection, is strongly associated with insulin resistance. Early metabolic screening in these patients is essential for comprehensive disease management and prevention of complications.